What is C ++ | Newtech Academy

Programming principles oriented towards the object

Object -oriented programming (POO) is a programming model that is based on the concept of «objects» that can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (also known as attributes or properties) and on the code, in the form of procedures (also well -known as methods).

The fundamental principles of poop in C ++ are:

• Class: A fundamental concept of poop. A class is a description of a set of objects that have similar characteristics and behaviors. Lessons can be private or public. Private lessons can only be accessible to the program that created them, while public lessons can be accessible from any program.
• ENCAP: A key principle in C ++, the encapsulation refers to hiding the internal data of the object and expose only those interfaces necessary for the interaction with the outside. This is achieved through changes in access as public, private and protected.
• The manufacturer: A special method that is used to initialize a class. The manufacturer is automatically called when a class is created.
• The destroyer: A special method that is used to release the memory resources used by a class. The destroyer is automatically called when a class is destroyed.
• Inheritance: As in other language -oriented languages, the legacy of C ++ allows a class (son) to take the attributes and methods of another class (parent). This facilitates the reuse of the code and the hierarchical organization of the classes.

Functions and procedures in C ++

In C ++, the distinction between functions and procedures is essential to write a clear and efficient code. The functions are reusable code segments that receive registration and return results. They are ideal for grouping the operations that have a clear purpose, thus facilitating the understanding and use of the code. For example, a function can calculate the amount of two numbers:

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Int suma (int a, int b) {

return to + B;

}

This function receives two parameters and returns their amount, being a clear example of modularization and reuse of the code.

On the other hand, the procedures, also known as «empty» functions, do not return the values. They perform certain actions, such as the display of a message or the initialization of a variable, without producing a direct result. An example of the procedure is to view an error message:

VOID Displays_eroare (Const Char* Message) {

STD :: Cout

}

This procedure displays a specified message, but does not return any value. It is useful for performing actions that do not require a specific output, such as errors access or updating an interface.

Through the correct understanding and use of functions and procedures, programmers can structure the code in a more organized and easier to maintain.

Generic programming in C ++

Generic programming is a programming paradigm in which the functions and classes are designed to work with generic types, allowing them to be reused for various types of data. In C ++, this is achieved using models. The models are code structures that allow the creation of functions and classes that can work with any type of data, without the need to rewrite the code for each type.

This approach is extremely useful because it saves time and reduces the chances of error. For example, a generic function of finding the maximum value can be used in full, floating, carriers, etc., without having to write a separate function for each of these types of data. The C ++ compiler will automatically generate specific versions of the function for each type of data with which it is called.

What can you do with C ++?

C ++ is a strong and versatile programming language that is used in a wide range of applications. Here are some specific examples where you can see what C ++ is used:

Development of games

Many Ubisoft games, such as Assassin’s Creed, use C ++.

Software development

C ++ is used in the development of high -level software, including large companies such as Google and Facebook.

Graphic user interfaces (GUI)

C ++ is used to develop user graphic interfaces. Adobe’s Photoshop is integrated into C ++.

Operating systems

Many operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, are partially or totally written in C ++.

Desktop app development

C ++ is often used to develop sophisticated and efficient desktop applications.

Advantages C ++

The C ++ programming language has many advantages that make it attractive for software developers. Here are some of these:

1. High performances: C ++ is known for its high performance and is used in many applications where speed and efficiency are fundamental.
2. Scalability: According to Hashdork, C ++ is proud of high scalability, which means that it can work on both small and large data.
3. Multi-Paradigma programming: C ++ supports the programming both oriented to the object and to the object, providing flexibility to the developers.
4. Great use in industry: Many large companies, including Google and Facebook, use C ++ to develop their back -nd.
5. Powerful libraries: C ++ has a wide range of standard bookcases and third parties that can be used to expand the functionality of the code.

C ++ VS C

Although at first glance they seem similar, a more detailed analysis reveals a range of unique characteristics that clearly distinguish these two programming languages. For example, C ++ is famous for its support -oriented support, offering the possibility of creating and using classes and objects. This is a distinctive feature compared to C, which is a procedural programming language and does not include object -oriented planning concepts.

C ++ allows the use of models, which offers programmers the flexibility of writing code that can operate with different types of data. This functionality is not available in C, thus limiting the ability to reuse the code for different types of data.

It is worth mentioning that C ++ includes a complex mechanism for the management of exceptions, facilitating the detection and treatment of errors during the execution of the program. On the contrary, C does not provide native support for the management of exceptions, which makes the process of treatment of errors more difficult and less structured.

C ++ vs Java

Although C ++ and Java are both programming languages ​​oriented to objects, there are some significant differences with each other. The first aspect to mention is aimed at independence of the platform. C ++ depends on the platform, which means that it requires a completed code for the execution of each specific platform. On the other hand, Java is independent of the platform, which means that Java can be written once and launched on any device that has a virtual java car.

At the same time, C ++ is a compiled language, which means that it transforms the source code into a machine code. Java, on the other hand, is both completed and interpreted. Its code is first transformed into a byte code by the java compiler, then this byte code is reproduced by the Java virtual machine.

The limits of C ++ language

Its limits can be viewed by multiple perspectives, that is to say:

1. The limits of the variables: Each type of data in C ++ has its limits, determined by the number of bits assigned for the storage of values. For example, one int It can store numbers between -2147483648 and 2147483647.
2. Complexity of the syntax: C ++ is a complex programming language with a detailed syntax, which can be difficult to learn and understand for beginners.
3. High level language: Although C ++ is a high -level language, some aspects, such as manual memory management, can be demanding and can lead to errors, such as memory loss.
4. Use in some fields: Although C ++ is extremely versatile and powerful, there are some areas, such as the development of the front-end web, in which other languages ​​can be more appropriate.
5. Maximum length of an identifier: The maximum length of an identifier in C ++ can depend on the compiler.

Our conclusion?

C ++ remains a fundamental pillar in the programming program, offering a considerable balance between performance, flexibility and ability to model the complexity of reality through object -oriented programming. Based on a vast community of developers and a constant presence in critical sectors such as software development, video games and systems included, C ++ is relevant and adaptable to the dynamic requirements of the technological sector.